- Genomics Glossary by the NHGRI
Not all alphabetical as in some cases makes more sense to group them. Also, this is work in progress (pardon the chaos):
- ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- ESCM: Extramedullary spinal cord metastases
- ISCM: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases
- TAA: tumor associated antigen (a tumor marker)
- Pathological diagnosis: aka biopsy
- FNAC: fine needle aspiration cytology. One biopsy method to collect the sample.
- Immunochemical staining: the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
- Immunogenic: able to produce an immune response.
- Immunogenic antigens:
- Neoantigens:
- Peptide:
- Neopitopes:
- Proteomics:
- Immunoproteomics:
- Autoantibodies:
- Cytosol:
- RNA:
- Exome:
- Somatic mutation:
- MHC:
- HEV: High endothelial venues
- TIL: Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- in vivo
- in vitro
- FAP: fibroblast activation protein,
- Stromal cell
- CAF: cancer associated fibroblasts
- TIE: transarterial immuno embolization
- TAM: tumor-associated macrophage
- TNA: tumor-associate neutrophil
- MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
- Tumor rechallenge
- TME: tumor micro-environment
- Glycolytic metabolism
- Hypoxia
- Upregulate
- Cytokine:
- Humoral Immunity:
- Extravasation: exit the vessel
- ROS: reactive oxygen species
- Haematopoiesis: the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy adult person, approximately 10¹¹–10¹² new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation.
- HSC: Haematopoietic stem cells: An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow.
- Phenotype: all the observable characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic inheritance) with the environment. Examples of observable characteristics include behaviour, biochemical properties, colour, shape, and size.
- Homeostasis: the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
- CRISPR/Cas9,
- ZFNs zinc finger nucleases
- Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen. The mechanism of action of a mitogen is that it triggers signal transduction pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), leading to mitosis
- Stroma: the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.
- Soma: the parts of an organism other than the reproductive cells.
- Chimera: A genetic chimerism or chimera is a single organism composed of cells with distinct genotypes.
- Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response
- Iatrogenic: doctor-caused
- Neoplasia: the presence or formation of new, abnormal growth of tissue.
- Oligometastasis: spread to only one or two sites
- Adjuvant: (therapy) applied after initial treatment for cancer, especially to suppress secondary tumour formation.
- Systemic: full body
- Comorbidity: presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with a primary condition
- Angiotropism: travel along the outside of blood vessels, without entering into the bloodstream
- Median OS (overall survival): The length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer, that half of the patients in a group of patients diagnosed with the disease are still alive.
- Median PFS: The length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse. In a clinical trial, measuring the progression-free survival is one way to see how well a new treatment works.
- ORR: Objective Response Rate
- RECIST: Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) is a set of published rules that define when tumors in cancer patients improve ("respond"), stay the same ("stabilize"), or worsen ("progress") during treatment.
- Exophytic:
- Microvascular density (MVD):
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor: A type of drug that blocks certain proteins made by some types of immune system cells, such as T cells, and some cancer cells. These proteins help keep immune responses in check and can keep T cells from killing cancer cells. When these proteins are blocked, the “brakes” on the immune system are released and T cells are able to kill cancer cells better. Examples of checkpoint proteins found on T cells or cancer cells include PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/B7-1/B7-2. Some immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat cancer.
- Hemostasis: the stopping of a flow of blood (related to coagulation)
- Homeostasis: the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes
Spanish:
- Patologia, Histopatologia: tissue study
- Citopatologia: analysis of free cells or tissue fragments
- Mielopatía: afección crónica de la médula espinal (generalmente se usa el término cuando la afección no es causada por inflamación o traumatismo aunque existen excepciones)
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